Pipevine Swallowtail on Texas Thistle

Pipevine Swallowtail, Battus philenor on Texas Thistle, Cirsium texanum

The Pipevine Swallowtail is central to the mimicry of a number of butterflies including the Black Swallowtail and Red-spotted Purple due to its poisonous nature. As the name implies, the caterpillar Pipevine Swallowtail feeds on the Aristolochia family, the Pipevine family, collectively known for their poisonous leaves. After a number of feedings, the caterpillar, and soon butterfly, use those chemicals as defense, warning predators away. The single row of orange spots, lack of orange spot on the dorsal hindwing, and mostly dark forewing distinguish this species.

The adults feed on nectar like many other butterflies, including such flora as the Texas Thistle. This plant can grow anywhere from 2-5 feet, are drought tolerant, and are a great nectar source for butterflies and bees. The mature seeds provide an excellent food source for birds, and the seed fluff is often used for nest building.