Eastern Red Cedar

One of two distinct growth forms of Eastern Red Cedar, Juniperus virginiana

Eastern red cedar, a member of the cypress family and a native juniper, can be found throughout the eastern and central portions of the United States and southern Canada, and in Oregon. Although relatively free of pests, eastern red cedar can be a host for cedar-apple rust disease that can damage other species. Some specimens are estimated to be over 450 years old. They can grow up to 20 m (65 ft) and tolerate a wide range of conditions, especially drought. For some areas, especially prairie regions with fire suppression, eastern red cedar can easily become invasive.

Bark of Eastern Red Cedar.

Although not generally considered an important commercial species, Eastern red cedar is valued for a number of reasons. The wood is preferred for its beauty, durability, and workability. A common fragrance compound, cedarwood oil, is obtained from Eastern red cedar. Many tribes use the incense in purification and ritual, and often symbolize eastern red cedar as the tree of life. The berries, actually modified cones, are used to flavor gin, but also as a tea by some tribes to stop vomiting. Certain Native American tribes would also make a tea from the leaves and roots for other ailments and aids. Wildlife often use junipers for shelter, consume the twigs and foliage, and eat the berries. Cedar waxwings in particular prefer the cedar berries while sparrows are common nesting birds within junipers.